HERNIAs

What is a Hernia?

A hernia develops when the outer layers of the abdominal wall weaken, bulge, or actually rip. The weakened abdominal wall can be present at birth, or may develop later in life. The hole in this outer layer allows the inner lining of the cavity to protrude and to form a sac. Any part of the abdominal wall can develop a hernia. The most common site is the groin.

What are the Signs of a Hernia?

The symptoms of a hernia can vary depending on the location and severity, but may include:

• A visible lump or a swollen area.
• A heavy or uncomfortable feeling in the gut, particularly when bending over.
• Pain or aching, particularly on exertion (such as lifting or carrying heavy objects).
• Digestive upsets, such as constipation.
• The lump disappears when the person is lying down.
• The lump enlarges upon coughing, straining or standing up.

Why Me?

Most inguinal hernias in adults result from strain on the abdominal muscles, which have been weakened by age or by congenital factors. The types of activity associated with the appearance of an inguinal hernia include:

• Lifting heavy objects
• Sudden twists, pulls, or muscle strains
• Marked gains in weight, causing an increase in pressure on the abdominal wall
• Chronic constipation, which places a strain on the abdomen while on the toilet
• Repeated attacks of coughing

How are Hernias Treated?

The various procedures used depend on the location of the hernia, but may include opening the abdomen and using stitches and nylon meshes to close and reinforce the weakened section of muscle. Hernias can be repaired using laparoscopic surgery. A slender instrument known as a laparoscope is inserted and the hernia repaired from the inside. This eliminates the need for large abdominal incisions. Other factors that may have been contributing to the hernia, such as obesity and flabby muscle tone, also need to be addressed. Surgery is the only effective treatment for hernias.

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